Population and Social Composition

POPULATION SIZE

The 2015 Census gave a new population count of 386,276, around 3% of the 12,877,253 population for NCR in the same year. Among the 17 cities and municipalities in the region, Mandaluyong ranked as the 5^thsmallest in population (Table 2.01).

In the absence of published information and studies concerning daytime population in the city, there is a suggestion that having acquired a full level of urbanization, Mandaluyong City follows the trend in Makati City by which daytime population is three (3) to four (4) times its night time population. However, the Mandaluyong City Police Department anticipates a daytime population of 1.2 million in programming its daily public safety activities.

City/Municipality	Total Population	Household Population	Number of Households
Table 2.01. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by City/Municipality: NCR, 2015
Total	12,877,253	12,786,611	3,095,484
City of Manila	1,780,148	1,763,009	435,154
City of Mandaluyong	386,276	377,850	100,356
City of Marikina	450,741	448,893	98,238
City of Pasig	755,300	753,030	180,612
Quezon City	2,936,116	2,919,320	683,044
City of San Juan	122,180	120,815	28,623
Caloocan City	1,583,978	1,581,025	367,878
City of Malabon	365,525	364,283	86,191
City of Navotas	249,463	249,176	60,904
City of Valenzuela	620,422	619,324	153,041
City of Las Piñas	588,894	587,675	141,925
City of Makati	582,602	579,433	154,095
City of Muntinlupa	504,509	481,762	122,286
City of Parañaque	665,882	663,733	163,074
Pasay City	416,522	412,497	107,619
Pateros	63,840	63,643	14,188
Taguig City	804,915	801,143	198,256
Source: National Statistics Office, 2018 February Validation of Data on Population and Households

Of the 27 barangays in the city, Addition Hills is the most populated consisting of more than one-fourth of the total population in the city, while Buayang Bato has the least population of 1,782 or about 0.46% of the total population.

During the last two decades, barangay populations in the city were never stationary. While rapid population growth is often associated with fertility and the decline in mortality due to milestone achievements in science and technology, migration, especially from nearby provinces like Bulacan, Rizal, and Cavite, to cities in Metro Manila like in Mandaluyong, has always played an important role in shaping up the trends in population.

AGE AND SEX COMPOSITION: CENSUS 2015

Age-Sex Structure

For the year 2015, the males comprise 49.12 percent of the population and the females 50.88 percent. This gives a male-female ratio of 96.6 males per 100 females, which means that the female population outnumbers the males by about three persons.

Still, in the elderly group (ages 60 and over), the males are outnumbered by females with a ratio of 64 males for every 100 females. For the 0-14 year olds, the male children outnumber the female children at a ratio of 1: 0.94.

The 2015 population pyramid as shown in Figure 2.01 is of expansive character. This means that a large percentage of the population is young, belonging to the 5-29 years old bracket. The pyramid also reflects specific age groups representing demand for certain services. Dependent age group below 15 and above 65 years old could require specialized health services and facilities. Age groups of 3 to 20 years old will determine demand for pre-school, elementary and secondary school facilities and primary health care; age group of 18-25 will need facilities for tertiary or even post-baccalaureate studies; the productive or working age group of 15 to 64 years old have specific demands for jobs or other forms of livelihood; and population within reproductive ages of 15 to 49 years require reproductive health programs. (See also Table 2.02.)

Table 2.02. Population of Individuals disaggregated by Sex and Age Group: NSO 2015
Household Population by Age Group				*Share per Age Group in %*
Age Group	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
All Ages	189,757	196,519	386,276	49.12	50.88
Under 1	3,560	3,340	6,900	0.92	0.87
1 – 4	14,177	13,055	27,232	3.67	3.38
5 – 9	16,120	15,297	31,417	4.17	3.96
10 – 14	15,813	14,843	30,656	4.09	3.84
15 – 19	18,137	18,424	36,561	4.70	4.77
20 – 24	20,967	21,636	42,603	5.43	5.60
25 – 29	42,967	21,294	42,967	5.51	5.61
30 – 34	17,453	17,499	34,952	4.52	4.53
35 – 39	14,533	14,997	29,530	3.76	3.88
40 – 44	11,988	12,415	24,403	3.10	3.21
45 – 49	10,432	11,182	21,614	2.70	2.89
50 – 54	18,040	8,331	18,040	2.16	2.51
55 – 59	14,103	6,522	14,103	1.69	1.96
60 – 64	4,503	5,607	10,110	1.17	1.45
65 – 69	2,856	3,902	6,758	0.74	1.01
70 – 74	1,479	2,206	3,685	0.38	0.57
75 – 79	941	1,618	2,559	0.24	0.42
80 and Over	651	1,535	2,186	0.17	0.40

AGE-DEPENDENCY RATIO

For both sexes, the share of the young (0-14 years) in the total population is about twenty-fivepercent (24.91%), the adult (15-64 years) over at seventy-one percent (71.16%), and the elderly (65 years above) at over three percent (3.9%). The median age, however, is approximately 26.1 years which is the age at which exactly half the population is older and half is younger. It is younger than the last computed median age (based on 2010 Census), which is 26.6.

The young-age dependency is 1 : 2.86 while the old-age dependency ratio is 1 : 18.1. This means the number of adults in the economically productive age group that can support one young dependent and elderly dependent are three (3) and eighteen (18), respectively.

Family Structure

The typical family of Mandaluyong has an average size of 4.0 members, lower than the average household size of 4.4 in 2015 for the whole country and 4.1 persons per family in NCR.

Table 2.03 Household Population 10 Years Old and Over (Marital Status and Sex): Mandaluyong, 2015
Marital Status	Both Sexes	Male	Female	%
Single	155,515	79,375	76,140	48.48
Married	109,358	53,786	55,572	34.1
Widowed	12,017	2,161	9,856	3.75
Divorced/ Separated	6,468	2,009	4,459	2.02
Common Law/ Live-In	36,340	18,097	18,243	11.33
Unknown	1,029	472	557	0.32
TOTAL	320,727	155,900	164,827	100

A combination of married and widowed individuals accounts for 37.84% of the household population while family members who remain single total 48.48% with male members slightly more than female members at 51.04% and 48.96%, respectively. Others who opted for other forms of family union account for 13.67% These include individuals that are either divorced, separated, common-law spouses, and those whose marital status are unascertained. (Table 2.03).

It could be noted that population growth rate between 1995 and 2000 is valued as (-) 0.64 as seen in Table 2.04. This decrease can be attributed to population movements within and outside the city as can be observed in succeeding topics. In addition, more and more women tend to put off marriage and having a family in pursuit of higher education, high-paying jobs, and career development.

POPULATION GROWTH

Total Population

Population in the city has come a long way from just a few thousands in 1903 to almost three hundred thousand in 2000 (Table 2.04), and then to 386,276 individuals fifteen years after. Although population is increasing, the growth rate has been seesawing continuously at various degrees as it can be seen in Figure 2.03. Tremendous increase in growth rates can be noted in census years 1948-1960 and 1960-1970, the former a period of postwar reconstruction and the latter witnessing a historical event as Mandaluyong became part of the Greater Manila Area. It was during these periods when population count more than doubled in Mandaluyong.

The next time population will double (with the 2015 census as the basis) is in about 22 to 23 years, given a growth rate of 3.12% for the 5-year period between 2010 and 2015. With these growth rates, annual populations from 2015 – 2030 are projected and listed in Table 2.05.

Growth of Barangay Population

Comparing results of five censuses from 1980-2015 (Table 2.06:), it can be noted that Addition Hills remains the most populated over the 35-year period. This is attributed to the fact that Addition Hills is the second largest barangay in the city in terms of land area, and is host to the Welfareville Property which at the moment is home to tens of thousands of informal settler families. Welfareville is actually the largest informal settlement in the country and is classified as partly new Central Business District (CBD) and partly New Town Development as per HLURB approved Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2017-2032 (CLUP) for the city.

Barangays which registered notable increases in population are Barangka Ilaya, which jumped from 5,049 in 2010 to 17,896 in 2015, and Malamig which leaped to 12,667 in 2015 from 7, 007 in 2010. That’s a difference of almost 12,000 residents for Barangka Ilaya and approximately 5,000 individuals in Malamig.

Barangay Highway Hills is home to high-rise condominiums while Barangay Mauway has recently benefited from correction and adjustment of political boundary based on official records.

Table 2.05. Annual Population Projections
Year	Projected Population
Year	Annual Growth Rate = 3.12%
2015	386,276 (Census)
2016	398,327
2017	410,755
2018	423,570
2019	436,785
2020	450,414
2021	464,467
2022	478,958
2023	493,901
2024	509,311
2025	525,202
2026	541,588
2027	558,486
2028	575,911
2029	593,879
2030	612,408

While large pocket areas of informal settlements could have factored in such considerable increase in population in these two barangays, Brgy. Wack-Wack is predominantly populated by high-income households in first class and exclusive subdivisions.

Table 2.04 Population and Growth Rate Between Census Years Sources: Handouts, Information Technology in Demographic Data Appreciation Training for LGUs, University of the Philippines, Population Institution, November 19 – 24, 2001 POPCEN 2007, 2010, 2015
Census Years	1903	1918	1939	1948	1960	1970	1975
Time variant	15.8329	20.0027	9.7479	11.3753	10.2192	4.9863	5.0
NCR
Population	328,939	461,166	993,889	1,569,128	2,462,488	3,966.695	4,970,006
Growth Rate	2.13	3.84	4.68	3.96	4.67	4.52	3.52
Mandaluyong City
Population	4,349	5,806	18,200	26,309	71,619	149,407	182,267
Growth Rate	1.82	5.71	3.78	8.80	7.20	3.99	2.39
Cont. Table 2.04
Census Years	1980	1990	1995	2000	2007	2010	2015
Time Variant	10.0	5.3370	4.6630	10	-	10	5
NCR
Population	5,925,884	7,948,392	9,454,040	9,932,560	11,553,427	11,855,975	12,877,253
Growth Rate	2.94	3.25	1.06	2.23	2.11	1.78	1.58

Population	205,366	248,143	285,584	278,474	305,576	328,699	386,276
Growth Rate	1.89	2.72	-0.64	1.15	1.29	1.67	3.12

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND URBANIZATION

Level of Urbanization

Despite the presence of low-income households and informal settlers, the city has been one hundred percent urban with an income classification of a first-class city since 1994.

Population Densities

An analysis of barangay population densities in the light of existing conditions in each respective area shows a pattern by which population is concentrated. The obvious difference in the distribution of population in the city is shown in Figure 2.04. However, it should be noted that shown are total densities and not residential densities.

Interpreting these densities as low, medium or high does not necessarily indicate the actual character of the built-up areas as these may include large areas occupied by commercial establishments as in the case of Barangays Barangka Ilaya and Buayang Bato, both with low densities and are predominantly commercial and industrial in use.

RELIGION

About ninety percent (90.21%) of the residents are parishioners of Roman Catholic Church, and the remaining are distributed among religious denominations like the Iglesia ni Kristo (2.5%), Evangelicals (0.54%), other Protestants (0.28%), Jehovah’s Witness (0.48%), Aglipayan (0.24%), Islam (0.74%) and others (5.01%). (Table 2.07).

Table 2.06. Comparative Report on Population by Barangay, 1980-2015 (Source: NSO Censuses)
Barangay	Population						Participation Rate 2015
Barangay	1980	1990	1995	2000	2010	2015	Participation Rate 2015
Addition Hills	15,535	35,518	60,142	69,885	86,731	99,058	25.64%
Bagong Silang	4,247	3,960	3,838	4,162	4,652	5,572	1.44%
Barangka Drive	10,580	12,225	14,171	12,670	12,227	13,310	3.45%
Barangka Ibaba	6,800	8,153	9,621	8,943	9,241	9,540	2.47%
Barangka Ilaya	5,650	6,179	6,222	4,461	5,049	17,896	4.63%
Barangka Itaas	9,012	10,442	11,539	10,811	11,061	11,252	2.91%
Buayang Bato	2,207	2,551	2,757	1,083	1,340	1,782	0.46%
Burol	1,176	1,322	1,397	2,634	2,606	2,740	0.71%
Daang Bakal	4,127	3,767	3,814	2,797	3,931	3,660	0.95%
Hagdang Bato Itaas	10,117	10,251	10,480	9,769	10,102	10,314	2.67%
Hagdang Bato Libis	7,522	7,769	6,815	6,204	6,716	6,962	1.80%
Harapin Ang Bukas	4,439	4,754	4,756	3,981	4,073	4,496	1.16%
Highway Hills	12,904	14,503	14,220	12,131	22,684	28,703	7.43%
Hulo	13,996	17,160	19,949	20,585	21,107	27,515	7.12%
Mabini J./Rizal	6,856	7,017	6,336	6,418	6,773	7,628	1.97%
Malamig	8,128	6,534	6,831	5,853	7,007	12,667	3.28%
Mauway	11,081	10,366	16,200	16,877	25,129	29,103	7.53%
Namayan	3,124	4,816	4,822	4,889	5,706	6,123	1.59%
New Zaniga	6,000	6,457	5,704	5,555	6,354	7,534	1.95%
Old Zaniga	5,227	5,769	7,082	5,843	7,712	7,013	1.82%
Pag-asa	4,393	4,427	4,414	3,847	3,688	4,053	1.05%
Plainview	19,574	29,077	30,528	24,608	24,396	26,575	6.88%
Pleasant Hills	3,767	4,167	5,654	6,115	5,648	5,910	1.53%
Poblacion	14,593	14,841	16,301	14,751	15,191	14,733	3.81%
San Jose	6,021	6,272	4,587	6,227	7,041	7,262	1.88%
Vergara	4,613	4,553	4,482	4,153	4,645	5,910	1.53%
Wack-Wack Green Hills	3,580	3,281	2,922	3,222	7,889	8,965	2.32%
TOTAL	205,368	246,131	285,584	278,474	328,699	386,276	100%

ETHNICITY AND ORIGIN

Almost everyone in Mandaluyong is Filipino. While a great majority is Tagalog, people of various ethnic origins from all over the Philippines and even from other countries and nationalities had made Mandaluyong their home for quite some time now. Even so, the languages generally spoken
in the households are Tagalog (96.47%), Bicol (0.40%), Bisaya (0.30%), Ilonggo (0.41%), Kankanay (0.28%), Waray (0.21%), Cebuano (0.21%), Ilocano (0.57%) and Others (1.15%). See Table 2.09.

Table 2.07 Total Population by Religious Affiliation and Sex (Source: PSA, 2015 Census)
Religious Affiliation	Both Sexes	Male	Female
Roman Catholic	348,450	171,868	176,582
Aglipayan	931	414	517
Islam	2,842	1,331	1,511
Iglesia ni Krsito	9,660	4,660	5,000
Other Protestant	1,100	529	571
Buddhist	305	156	149
Jehovah’s Witness	1,853	847	1,006
Tribal Religions	5	1	4
Others	20,437	9,579	10,858
None	66	32	34
Unknown	627	340	287
TOTAL	386,276	189,757	196,519

Table 2.08. No. of Births to Women of Specific Age Group : 2015 – 2017 (Source: Civil Registry Department)
Age Group	No. of Birth
Age Group	2015	2016	2017
10-14	8	14	1
15-19	566	710	682
20-24	1,505	1,702	1,541
25-29	1,407	1,740	1,650
30-34	1,082	1,219	1,126
35-39	584	701	726
40-44	138	232	245
45-49	8	3	10
TOTAL	5,298	6,321	5,981

Table 2.09. Language or Dialect Generally Spoken in the Households : 2000
Language/ Dialect	No. of Households
Abelling	64
Abiyan	10
Aeta/Ayta	10
Bikol/Bicol	236
Bisaya/Binisaya	182
Boholano	11
Cebuano	127
Davao-Chavacano	10
Hiligaynon, Ilonggo	244
Ibanag	31
Ilocano	342
Itawis	10
Itneg	82
Kankanai/Kankaney/Kankanaey	167
Kapampangan	71
Karay-a	20
Manobo/Ata-Manobo	22
Maranao	0
Masbateño/ Masbatenon	10
Palawan/Pinalawan/Palawanon	10
Pangasinan/ Panggalato	31
Romblon/ Rombloanon	9
Sama(Samal)/ Abaknon	31
Surigaonon	9
Tagalog	57,575
Tausug	94
Waray	126
Chinese	31
American/ English	87
Other Foreign Ethnicity	10
Total	59,682
Source: NSO 2000

Population and Social Composition

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